Understanding the Link Between H. pylori and Stomach Ulcers

The Connection Between H. pylori Bacteria and Gastric Ulcers

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a primary factor in developing stomach ulcers. These ulcers are open sores forming on the stomach lining, upper small intestine (duodenum), or lower esophagus. H. pylori are bacteria that colonize the stomach, often causing no initial symptoms. Common signs include persistent stomach discomfort, bloating, bad breath, nausea, and loss of appetite. Globally, H. pylori infection is widespread, and many remain asymptomatic for years.

How H. pylori Leads to Ulcers

The stomach produces acid to aid digestion, protected by a mucous layer. H. pylori damages this lining, allowing acid to irritate the stomach tissue, leading to inflammation and ulcer formation.

A few common symptoms suggesting an H. pylori-related ulcer are:

Chronic stomach pain, varying in severity

Bloating and belching

Potential Complications of Ulcers

Peptic ulcers are open sores that can cause significant internal damage. They may bleed, leading to blood in vomit or stools, and damage blood vessels, resulting in internal bleeding. Signs include fatigue, dizziness, severe stomach pain, and difficulty breathing.

If ulcers enlarge, they can block food passage from the stomach to the intestines, causing further digestive issues. The discomfort often manifests as a dull or burning ache, especially hours after eating or on an empty stomach, lasting several hours.

Diagnostic tests such as breath tests, endoscopy, or stool analysis can confirm H. pylori infection and ulcers. Treatments typically involve antibiotics and medications that reduce stomach acid, including proton pump inhibitors and histamine blockers, which also help coat and protect the ulcers.