Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

Rheumatoid arthritis is a widespread inflammatory condition impacting many individuals. It is a long-term disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joint tissues, especially in the hands and feet. In early stages, the lining of the joints (synovium) becomes inflamed, potentially leading to joint damage if untreated. In advanced phases, the disease may also harm internal organs such as the heart, lungs, and eyes. Many patients experience joint stiffness, swelling, and difficulty moving.

Causes of rheumatoid arthritis

The exact origins of rheumatoid arthritis remain unknown. Experts believe an abnormal immune response, influenced by genetic and environmental factors, triggers the disease. Certain genes like HLA, STAT4, TRAF1, C5, and PTPN22 are linked to increased risk. Environmental factors such as smoking, obesity, and exposure to dust or chemicals also contribute. Women, middle-aged adults, and those with a family history are more susceptible.

Recognizing symptoms

Common signs include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, fatigue, and weight loss. Persistent joint stiffness, especially in the mornings, warrants medical attention. Unusual symptoms may extend to the eyes, skin, lungs, and blood vessels, indicating disease progression.

Risk factors

Factors increasing likelihood of developing rheumatoid arthritis encompass gender (more prevalent among women), family history, obesity, tobacco use, and environmental exposures. Age between 40 and 60 years also correlates with higher risk.

Managing rheumatoid arthritis

Treatment options include anti-inflammatory medications like NSAIDs, which reduce pain and swelling. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are crucial in controlling disease progression. Early diagnosis and ongoing management are vital to prevent joint damage and improve quality of life. Consulting a healthcare professional promptly upon noticing symptoms is essential for effective treatment.