Oral Cancer Overview: Causes, Symptoms, and Risk Factors
Discover essential information about oral cancer, including its causes, early symptoms, and risk factors. Recognizing signs early can significantly improve treatment success and survival rates. This guide emphasizes the importance of avoiding tobacco and alcohol, and encourages regular dental check-ups for early detection.
Understanding Oral Cancer: Causes, Signs, and Risk Factors
Oral cancer affects parts of the mouth including the lips, tongue, gums, and roof or floor of the mouth. The American Cancer Society reported approximately 49,670 new cases in the US during 2017. This disease results from genetic mutations in mouth cells, leading to abnormal growths that can invade nearby tissues and spread elsewhere.
Risk Factors and Causes
Tobacco use—smoking or chewing—significantly increases risk, especially when combined with alcohol consumption. Other factors include sexually transmitted infections, weakened immune systems, genetic predispositions, and extensive sun exposure, which can cause lip cancer, particularly on the lower lip.
Apart from risk factors, several early warning signs signal possible oral cancer. Recognizing these symptoms promptly can improve treatment outcomes. Indicators include:
Thickened tissues within the mouth
Loosening of teeth or gum discomfort affecting tooth stability
Pain or stiffness in the jaw region
Tongue discomfort or pain
Difficulty chewing or swallowing
Changes in voice or ongoing sore throat
Ear pain
Unexplained weight loss
Persistent facial or neck pain accompanied by bleeding
White or red patches in the mouth
Unexplained mouth bleeding
Numbness or sensation loss in facial or oral areas due to nerve damage
Persistent bad breath caused by bacterial infection
The rising incidence of oral cancer correlates with increased use of tobacco and alcohol. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment and reduced mortality. Regular oral examinations can help identify symptoms early and improve patient prognosis.
