Understanding Multiple Myeloma: Causes, Symptoms, and Cure Options

Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer characterized by the abnormal growth of plasma cells within the bone marrow. These malignant cells produce abnormal proteins and antibodies, which accumulate and impair the immune system, making the body vulnerable to infections and other diseases. Despite ongoing research, the exact cause of multiple myeloma remains uncertain. Factors such as age, gender (more common in men), obesity, exposure to radiation, occupational hazards like petroleum industry work, and family history can increase risk. Symptoms often develop gradually and include bone pain, nausea, constipation, weight loss, psychiatric confusion, fatigue, frequent infections, numbness in limbs, and increased thirst. Treatment options focus on managing symptoms and controlling cancer progression, although there is no definitive cure. Common therapies include chemotherapy, targeted drug therapy, corticosteroids, radiation, and bone marrow transplants, aiming to prolong life and improve quality of life.