Understanding Ovarian Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention Strategies

Despite advancements in medical treatment decreasing mortality rates for many diseases, cancer remains a formidable health challenge. Among various cancers, ovarian cancer is a significant threat for women, ranking as the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Early detection is crucial, as the disease is more manageable in initial stages. Ovarian cancer originates from the outer lining of the ovary and often displays subtle symptoms, making early diagnosis difficult.

Common signs include persistent lower back pain, frequent indigestion, pelvic discomfort, increased urinary urgency, pain during intimacy, nausea, weight loss, appetite loss, and fatigue. These symptoms tend to intensify with progression.

The development of ovarian cancer involves uncontrolled cell growth in the ovaries. Risk factors include:

Genetic predisposition: Family history of breast or ovarian cancers increases susceptibility.

Reproductive history: Women who conceive full-term before age 26 have lower risks.

Age: Women over 60, especially post-menopause, are at higher risk.

Hormone treatments: Past hormone therapy use raises the risk.

Obesity: A BMI over 30 is linked to increased risk.

Preventive measures can significantly reduce the chance of developing ovarian cancer. These include:

Oral contraceptives: Consistent use for about five years can decrease risk by up to 30%.

Maintaining a healthy weight: Weight management through diet and exercise lowers the risk associated with obesity.

Surgical options: For those with a family history, procedures like hysterectomy removing the ovaries may be considered as precaution.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Having children before age 30 and breastfeeding beyond a year lower risk.