Understanding Pneumonia: Signs and Effective Treatments

Pneumonia Symptoms and Management

Pneumonia is an infection impacting the lungs, caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, or mycoplasma. It affects one or both lungs, primarily involving inflammation of the alveoli — the tiny air sacs in the lungs. Fluid or pus accumulation hampers breathing. Common early signs include cough, fever, breathlessness, chest discomfort, sweating, and chills, though these can vary based on age and infection type.

Viral pneumonia stems from respiratory viruses, often affecting children and seniors. Its symptoms resemble flu, starting with wheezing and progressing to high fever within 12-36 hours. Bacterial pneumonia, triggered by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae, can cause very high fevers, up to 105°F, alongside sweating, bluish lips, nails, and confusion. Mycoplasma causes mild symptoms similar to bacterial pneumonia, affecting both children and adults. Fungal pneumonia arises from prolonged exposure to fungi in soil or bird droppings, especially impacting immunocompromised individuals. Hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia is particularly serious, often resistant to antibiotics, especially in ventilated patients. The condition can also result from inhaling bacteria during eating or drinking if immunity is weak. Pneumonia spreads through airborne droplets expelled during coughing or sneezing. Antibiotics like cefprozil, cefpodoxime, and cefuroxime can effectively treat bacterial pneumonia. Vulnerable groups include children, elders, and those with compromised immune systems or chronic illnesses. Diagnosis involves physical exams, chest X-rays, blood, sputum, urine tests, and CT scans to identify the cause and severity. Treatment depends on the virus or bacteria involved and includes rest, fluids, and avoiding smoking. Good hygiene and a healthy lifestyle bolster immunity and help prevent pneumonia.