Managing Advanced Breast Cancer: Treatment Options and Symptoms

Metastatic breast cancer occurs when cancer spreads beyond the breast to other organs or nearby lymph nodes. While it is considered incurable, treatments can slow its progression and alleviate symptoms. The average survival span after diagnosis is approximately 18 to 24 months.

Signs and Symptoms of Advanced Breast Cancer
Symptoms vary based on the affected organs. Sometimes, there are no early signs. Common indicators include a lump in the breast or underarm, which suggests possible spread to the chest wall or lymph nodes. Additional symptoms may include nipple discharge and pain. If bones are involved, symptoms include pain, fractures, and constipation, with high calcium levels causing confusion. Brain or spinal involvement can lead to headaches, memory issues, speech or vision problems, seizures, or unexplained pain. Lung involvement may cause breathlessness, chest pain, or fatigue. Liver metastasis can result in nausea, swelling, jaundice, and increased tiredness.

Current treatments aim to extend life and minimize symptoms. Ongoing research seeks improved therapies. Systemic treatments, often involving chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or biologic agents, are first-line options, tailored to tumor characteristics and hormone receptor status. Patients with hormone-receptor-positive cancer may benefit from anti-estrogen or tamoxifen therapy, especially premenopausal women. For hormone-receptor-negative cases, these options are unsuitable. In specific situations, such as spinal instability or tumor complications, surgery or radiation therapy may be necessary to manage or prevent progression. Consultation with healthcare professionals is essential for personalized treatment planning. Participation in clinical trials may also be recommended for advanced cases. Prompt medical attention upon detecting symptoms is crucial for optimal management.