Essential Guide to Knee Replacement Surgery
Discover a comprehensive overview of knee replacement surgery, covering preoperative preparations, surgical procedures, and essential post-surgery care. Learn how to prepare for the operation, understand the process in detail, and follow best practices for recovery, including exercise, medication, and diet tips to ensure a smooth healing journey.
Before beginning any surgical procedure, your vital signs—such as body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen levels—are carefully evaluated. If any abnormalities are detected, surgery is postponed until these issues are resolved. Once your vital signs are within normal ranges, your medical team can proceed.
The next step involves administering anesthesia. You may receive general anesthesia, putting you into deep sleep, or regional anesthesia, which numbs the area from your waist down.
The surgeon marks the knee to be operated on. An incision of about 8 to 10 inches is made at the front of your knee. Underneath, tissues like tendons and muscles are carefully cut through to expose the joint. The kneecap is then gently flipped aside for better access to the tibia and femur bones.
The knee is flexed to a 90-degree angle to facilitate the procedure. Damaged cartilage and bone are removed using specialized saws. The femur and top of the tibia are then reshaped to fit the prosthetic components precisely. Computer guidance or metal jigs ensure accurate reshaping.
The kneecap, also known as the patella, is repositioned, and a polyethylene implant is attached to aid smooth movement. Additional components might be used depending on individual needs. Cemented prostheses are common but may vary based on the patient's condition.
To cushion the joint, a polyethylene padding is placed between the new surfaces, serving as a shock absorber. The leg is then gently extended and bent to confirm proper fit and movement. Once satisfied, the components are secured, and the wound is closed with stitches. The entire process typically takes around ten minutes as the cement sets. The deep tissues and skin are stitched up afterward.
Post-operative care is vital for recovery. Consistently taking prescribed medications, managing pain, and monitoring the wound are essential steps. Keeping the incision dry and avoiding strain are important in the initial days. Gentle exercises guided by healthcare professionals will help your knee regain strength and flexibility. Eating a nutritious diet rich in protein, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids supports recovery. Consulting your doctor and viewing educational videos can prepare you better before surgery.
