Understanding Hemorrhoids: Types, Causes, and Symptoms

A Complete Guide to Hemorrhoids: Types, Causes, and Symptoms

Hemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are swollen veins located near the anus and rectum. These enlarged blood vessels can bulge and become irritated, especially under pressure. Although they often cause rectal bleeding, hemorrhoids are generally harmless and tend to heal within a few weeks.

Let’s explore the different types of hemorrhoids, their causes, and common symptoms.

What are the different types of hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoid symptoms vary based on their location within the anal canal.

There are primarily two types of hemorrhoids:

Internal hemorrhoids – Positioned deep inside the rectum, these hemorrhoids are usually not visible or painful since there are few pain-sensing nerves in that area. Straining during bowel movements or irritation can cause internal hemorrhoids to bleed or prolapse, where they protrude through the anus, leading to discomfort.

External hemorrhoids – Found under the skin around the anus, external hemorrhoids can cause itching, swelling, and bleeding when irritated.

Thrombosed hemorrhoids – If a blood clot forms in an external hemorrhoid, it creates a swollen, hard lump that is painful and inflamed. This condition is known as a thrombosed hemorrhoid.

What triggers hemorrhoids?

Increased pressure on the veins around the anus can cause them to swell and protrude, leading to hemorrhoids. Common causes include:

Straining during bowel movements

Sitting for prolonged periods on the toilet

Chronic diarrhea or constipation

Obesity

Pregnancy

Low-fiber diet

Anal intercourse

Age-related tissue weakening

What are the main symptoms?

Visible bleeding during bowel movements

Itching or irritation around the anal area

Pain or discomfort

Swelling or lumps near the anus with tenderness

Prevention tips for hemorrhoids

Preventing hemorrhoids is preferable to treatment. Maintaining soft stools through healthy habits reduces pressure on rectal veins. Consider adopting these practices:

Consume high-fiber foods – Eating fruits, vegetables, and whole grains promotes easier bowel movements and prevents straining.

Stay hydrated – Drinking plenty of water (six to eight glasses daily) keeps stools soft and reduces constipation.

Exercise regularly – Physical activity prevents constipation and helps maintain healthy weight. Avoid heavy weightlifting without guidance, as it may increase abdominal pressure.

Use laxatives cautiously – Osmotic laxatives can aid in relieving constipation but should be used under medical supervision to prevent worsening of hemorrhoids.

Avoid straining – Do not hold your breath or push forcefully during bowel movements to minimize vein pressure and bleeding risks.