Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting joints and other tissues. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly targets healthy tissues, leading to inflammation, pain, and joint damage. While the exact cause remains unknown, factors like genetics, environmental triggers, infections, smoking, and exposure to certain minerals may increase risk. RA often affects joints symmetrically and can be diagnosed through patient history, physical exam, blood tests for markers like rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies, and imaging studies such as X-rays and MRIs. Treatment involves medications to reduce inflammation and slow disease progression, including NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like methotrexate and biologics. Lifestyle changes, such as incorporating omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and gentle exercises, can help manage symptoms. Early diagnosis and continuous care enable many individuals to lead active, fulfilling lives despite the condition.