Essential Insights into Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Many individuals depend on online tools to check for diabetes and may be unaware of their specific type. Both form conditions where blood glucose levels become abnormally high, but their causes and development differ. Contrary to the common belief that type 2 diabetes mainly affects overweight individuals and type 1 affects underweight persons, this is a myth without scientific support. An often-held misconception is that type 1 diabetes always requires insulin, whereas type 2 does not, but understanding the differences is vital.

Type 1 diabetes, formerly called juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes, comprises about 5-10% of all diabetes cases. It results from the immune system destroying insulin-producing cells, leading to a lack of insulin and impaired glucose absorption by cells. This causes high blood sugar levels. Conversely, type 2 diabetes accounts for approximately 90% of cases and can develop at any age, though it is more common in adults. It involves insulin resistance, where the body can't effectively utilize insulin, and over time, insulin production may decline.

Understanding the key differences is important:

Type 1 symptoms often begin in childhood or young adulthood, whereas type 2 symptoms may remain unnoticed until diagnosis.

Type 1 individuals typically seek treatment quickly, while type 2 cases are often diagnosed later due to subtle symptoms.

Hypoglycemia episodes are common in type 1 diabetes, especially if insulin therapy is used. Type 2 usually does not cause low blood sugar unless on medication.

Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented. However, lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and balanced diet can prevent or delay type 2 diabetes.

Insulin therapy is essential for type 1 management, whereas type 2 may be managed with medication, lifestyle changes, or both.